Information provided by patients and health care providers about pharmacovigilance agreements (VPAs) and other sources, such as medical literature, plays a crucial role in providing the data needed for pharmacovigilance. To market or test a drug in most countries, data on adverse events obtained by the licensee (usually a pharmaceutical company) must be submitted to the local drug monitoring authority. (See reports of adverse events below. The principle of international cooperation in pharmacovigilance is the basis of WHO`s international drug surveillance programme, which has 150 member states in systems that encourage medical staff to detect and report side effects of drugs on their patients. [19] These reports are evaluated on the spot and can lead to action within the country. Since 1978, the programme has been managed by the Uppsala Observatory, to which Member States send their processing, evaluation and input reports to an international database called VigiBase. Membership of the WHO programme allows a country to know whether similar reports are being made elsewhere. [20] If there are multiple reports of adverse reactions to a particular drug, this process may lead to the detection of a signal and a warning about a potential risk communicated to members after extensive assessment and expert review of biological stasis and body homeostasis. Clb12/2020001 Despite the attention of the FDA and European Union regulators, procedures for monitoring drug concentrations and adverse effects in the environment are lacking.
[Citation required] Drugs, their metabolites and related substances can be released into the environment after elimination of the patient, after direct spread into waste streams during production or administration or through terrestrial deposits (e.g. B, sewage sludge or lesions). [44] A concept combining pharmacovigilance and environmental pharmacology to draw attention to this field was introduced in 2006 by Syed Ziaur Rahman as a pharmaco-environmental, then in ecopharmacology, with other concomitant and subsequent terms for the same concept (eco-pharmacology [EPV], environmental pharmacology, ecopharmacy). [44] [45] [46] [47] Some other examples of PV regulation from pharmerging nations are as follows. In India, the PV regulator is the Indian Pharmaceutical Commission with a National Coordination Centre as part of India`s pharmacovigilance program at the Ministry of Health and Family. [31] [32] Scientists working on pharmacovigilance share their experiences, knowledge, innovative ideas and research at the annual meeting of the Society of Pharmacovigilance, India. [Citation required] In Egypt, PV is regulated by the Egyptian pharmacovigilance center of the Egyptian Ministry of Health. [Citation required] References Cooper T.